![]() In 1974, Damadian was granted a patent for his NMR imaging technique, apparatus and method for detecting cancer in tissue and in 1977 he produced the first whole-body MRI machine that generated images of a live human body. This research was presented by Lauterbur and Mansfield, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 for their work. The first NMR images to be generated using the interaction of two magnetic gradients were not published, however, until 1973. The phenomenon that came to be known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was discovered by Bloch, Bloembergen and Purcell in the 1940s. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not involve any new studies of human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.Ĭoncept of MRI and Early Contrast Media Research The aim of this review is to outline the history of contrast media development in MRI, to describe current technologic trends and clinical challenges, and to provide an outlook on potential future developments. The close relationship between clinical diagnosis and the monitoring of increasingly specific therapies is one of the most important areas for CE-MRI use, along with research into new MRI contrast agents. The role of CE-MRI will continue to grow in the future as new imaging techniques are integrated into clinical practice. Today, CE-MRI is a valuable and established diagnostic imaging tool worldwide, used annually in approximately 30 million procedures, with more than 300 million procedures performed to date (Data on file, Bayer HealthCare). The first gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist ®), became available for clinical use globally in 1988 and, since then, eight further gadolinium chelates have been developed and approved in many regions worldwide.Īdvances in contrast media and the technical capabilities of MRI have increased the accuracy and utility of contrast-enhanced-MRI (CE-MRI) for many different indications. The year 2013 heralded the 25th anniversary of contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review aims to provide an overview on the history of MRI and contrast media development, to highlight certain key advances in the clinical development of CE-MRI, to outline current technical trends and clinical challenges, and to suggest some important future perspectives. ![]() ![]() ![]() CE-MRI continues to evolve, with new techniques, advanced technologies, and novel contrast agents bringing exciting opportunities for more sensitive, targeted imaging and improved patient management, along with associated clinical challenges. Today, after 25 years of contrast-enhanced (CE-) MRI in clinical practice, the utility of this diagnostic imaging modality has expanded beyond initial expectations to become an essential tool for disease diagnosis and management worldwide. Since then, a plethora of studies have investigated the potential of MRI contrast agents for diagnostic imaging across the body, including the central nervous system, heart and circulation, breast, lungs, the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal and lymphatic systems, and even the skin. In 1988, the first contrast agent specifically designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist ®), became available for clinical use.
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